The result of DNA replication is two DNA molecules consisting of one new and one old chain of nucleotides. This is why DNA replication is described as semi-conservative, half of the chain is part of the original DNA molecule, half is brand new.
Which is the correct order of appearance in DNA replication?
Replication occurs in three major steps: the opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, the priming of the template strand, and the assembly of the new DNA segment. During separation, the two strands of the DNA double helix uncoil at a specific location called the origin.
What is meant when DNA replication is said to be Semiconservative?
DNA replication: A complex process whereby the ‘parent’ strands of DNA in the double helix are separated, and each one is copied to produce a new (daughter) strand. This process is said to be ‘semiconservative’ because one strand from each parent is conserved and remains intact after replication has taken place.
What is the role of DNA polymerase during DNA synthesis?
DNA polymerases are responsible for synthesizing DNA: they add nucleotides one by one to the growing DNA chain, incorporating only those that are complementary to the template.
What word best describes DNA replication? – Related Questions
What is the function of an RNA primer during protein synthesis?
The synthesis of a primer is necessary because the enzymes that synthesize DNA, which are called DNA polymerases, can only attach new DNA nucleotides to an existing strand of nucleotides. The primer therefore serves to prime and lay a foundation for DNA synthesis.
What binds Okazaki fragments?
Ligase is an enzyme that joins together the Okazaki fragments of the discontinuous DNA strands.
What are the 3 main functions of DNA polymerase?
Eukaryotic DNA Polymerase Types and Function
- DNA polymerase 𝝳 – It is the main enzyme for replication in eukaryotes.
- DNA polymerase 𝜶 – The main function of DNA polymerase 𝜶 is to synthesize primers.
- DNA polymerase 𝟄 – The main function is DNA repair.
What are the two functions of DNA polymerase?
Two main components of DNA polymerase:
- Replication: The DNA polymerase enzymes double the amount of DNA in a cell during cell division.
- Proofreading: The DNA polymerase enzymes also proofread the duplicated DNA and repair it.
Which polymerase is used in DNA replication?
At least three DNA polymerases are required for eukaryotic genome replication: DNA polymerase alpha (Pol α), DNA polymerase delta (Pol δ) and DNA polymerase epsilon (Pol ε) (1). Pol α initiates DNA synthesis on both the leading and lagging strands by synthesizing a RNA/DNA hybrid primer.
What does the polymerase enzyme do?
Polymerases are enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA or RNA polymers whose sequence is complementary to the original template, as defined by Watson–Crick base pairing.
What is primer in PCR?
PCR primers are short pieces of single-stranded DNA, usually around 20 nucleotides in length. Two primers are used in each PCR reaction, and they are designed so that they flank the target region (region that should be copied).
Which enzyme is used in PCR?
Taq DNA polymerase is the most common enzyme used for PCR amplification. This enzyme is extremely heat resistant with a half-life of 40 minutes at 95°C.
What is the role of DNA ligase?
DNA ligases play an essential role in maintaining genomic integrity by joining breaks in the phosphodiester backbone of DNA that occur during replication and recombination, and as a consequence of DNA damage and its repair. Three human genes, LIG1, LIG3 and LIG4 encode ATP-dependent DNA ligases.
How are enzymes used during gene transfer involving plasmids?
A selected plasmid is cut using restriction enzymes endonuclease, which cut the DNA at specific base sequences. Then extra cytosine nucleotides are added to create sticky ends. Once we have both the plasmid and the gene ready, these are mixed together.
What is the role of primase?
Primase is an enzyme that synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers. These primers serve as a starting point for DNA synthesis. Since primase produces RNA molecules, the enzyme is a type of RNA polymerase.
What are the ATP dependent enzymes?
The ATP-dependent DNA ligases catalyze the joining of single-stranded breaks (nicks) in the phosphodiester backbone of double-stranded DNA in a three-step mechanism [1]. The first step in the ligation reaction is the formation of a covalent enzyme-AMP complex.
What is the function of the outer membrane in mitochondria?
The mitochondrial outer membrane separates the intermembrane space from the cytosol. The whole exchange of metabolites, cations and information between mitochondria and the cell occurs through the outer membrane.
Which type of phosphorylation occurs in mitochondria?
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria of all animal and plant tissues, and is a coupled process between the oxidation of substrates and production of ATP. As the Kreb’s cycle runs, hydrogen ions (or electrons) are carried by the two carrier molecules NAD or FAD to the electron transport pumps.
Where does ATP synthesis occur in mitochondria?
In eukaryotes, the ATP synthase complex is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria, with ATP synthesis reaction occurring on the membrane side toward matrix compartment.
Which type of cells have a high concentration of mitochondria ?( 1 point?
It is important to point out that muscle cells have a very high concentration of mitochondria that produce ATP. Your muscle cells need a lot of energy to keep your body moving. When your cells don’t get enough oxygen, they do not make a lot of ATP.
